Al-Sudais comes from the Anza clan, he had memorized the Quraan by the age of 12. Growing up in Najd, al-sudais studied at the Al Muthana bin harith elementary school, and afterwards the Riyadh scientific institution from which he graduated in 1979 with a grade of excellent.
He obtained a degree in sharia from Riyadh University in 1983, his master's in Islamic fundamentals from the Sharia College of imam mohammad bin saud Islamic university in 1987 and received his ph.D in Islamic Sharia from umm al-qura university in 1995 while working there as an assistant professor after serving at Riyadh University. He was honoured to lead funeral prayer for Sheikh Ali Jaber. he is of Hanbali jurispudence.

He is also known for his frequent sermons calling on believers to help other Muslims in war-torn regions. In 2005, Al-Sudais was named by the Dubai International Holy Quran Award (DIHQA) Organising Committee as its 9th annual "Islamic Personality Of the Year" in recognition of his devotion to the Quran and Islam. When accepting his award in Dubai, he said: "The message of Islam and Muslims is modesty, fairness, security, stability, sympathy, harmony and kindness."